Linguistic competence is made of basic elements like vocabulary, grammar, phonology and so on.The role of lexis (words and patterns of words and its relationship with grammar (the way the words and patterns follow rules) has a gradually increasing influence on business English teaching. The demarcation between these two factors is fading out as we find more about the functioning of the language system.
Multi-word units (also called lexical phrases,lexical bundles or chunks) consist of two or more words,which act together as a unit.In a sense they behave like a word. So nevertheless,is one word, but How do you do also act like a single unit.Indeed, studies on how we memorize language show that it is easier to store 'chunks' of language than several individual parts.Note that most of the multiword, units are not complete utterances,however. What's the matter with .... and I don't think it's... are examples of sentence headers, and start off and bring up are examples of phrasal verbs.
Collocation is a phenomenon where certain words tend to co-occur with certain other words.
Idioms are a type of multi word unit where the meaning is not clear from the individual words. ( e.g: It's going to crop up,or we've missed the boat or He's in a driving seat)
Colligation is a phenomenon in which words tends to occur in a particular grammatical patterns. So,for example we can say letter of application ,letter of complaint,letter of enquiry.
The appreciation recently developed also says that written and spoken grammar can be very different and word forms and word forms acceptable in one type are necessarily not acceptable in the other.Thus, for the learners' information , written grammar rules in conversational speech may make it sound unnatural and stilted.
Spoken grammar is normally used in real-time interaction.It has different word-order rules, uses contractions (can't,won't) hesitations (hm,er) repetition ,ellipsis(words left out) and is often vernacular.
Utterances are often left incomplete or change their form halfway through. Other common features include fronting and tags.
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